Squalene Oil-What Are the Benefits

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 Squalene Oil-What Are the Benefits

One of ancient Greek myths tells a story of the warrior-goddess Athena’s argument with the ruler of the seas Poseidon over who would be the protector of the beautiful city of Attica. Poseidon struck a rock with his trident and a fountain of salt water sprang out of it. In response Athena thrust her spear into the ground and it turned into an olive tree covered with fruit. The people of the city accepted Athena’s gift with gratitude and named the city in her honour—Athens is to this day the capital of Greece. As for Poseidon, he wasn’t one to let go of grudges easily, so he sent one of his sons to avenge him. Obedient to his father’s will, Halirrhothius tried in the dead of the night to cut down the olive tree, but his axe sprung back and struck him instead.

Olive groves were sacred in Greece and no mortal was allowed to cut down trees. The Olympic games champions were crowned with diadems made of olive branches gathered in the sacred groves and brides decorated their garments with olive leaves to celebrate their chastity. In the Roman Empire olive branch symbolised peace. It is still one of the important symbols of Christianity, Judaism and Islam. Olive oil is still an essential part of anointing oil, used in Christian rituals of baptism, confirmation, ordaining and extreme unction.

 Squalene is a fatty compound that is found in a number of vegetables--including olive oil--but is usually extracted from shark's liver, where it is found in high concentration. Squalene is produced by the human body, where it is used to synthesize hormones, cholesterol and vitamin D. Recently, squalene oil has been marketed for cosmetic use and for its reported effects on cancer and as an antioxidant supplement.

One of ancient Greek myths tells a story of the warrior-goddess Athena’s argument with the ruler of the seas Poseidon over who would be the protector of the beautiful city of Attica. Poseidon struck a rock with his trident and a fountain of salt water sprang out of it. In response Athena thrust her spear into the ground and it turned into an olive tree covered with fruit. The people of the city accepted Athena’s gift with gratitude and named the city in her honour—Athens is to this day the capital of Greece. As for Poseidon, he wasn’t one to let go of grudges easily, so he sent one of his sons to avenge him. Obedient to his father’s will, Halirrhothius tried in the dead of the night to cut down the olive tree, but his axe sprung back and struck him instead.

Olive groves were sacred in Greece and no mortal was allowed to cut down trees. The Olympic games champions were crowned with diadems made of olive branches gathered in the sacred groves and brides decorated their garments with olive leaves to celebrate their chastity. In the Roman Empire olive branch symbolised peace. It is still one of the important symbols of Christianity, Judaism and Islam. Olive oil is still an essential part of anointing oil,

used in Christian rituals of baptism, confirmation, ordaining and extreme unction. 

The base of olive oil consists of fatty acids, mostly (as much as 80% in some cases) oleic acid.

The contents of oleic acid in the oil depend on the sort of the tree, ripening conditions and harvesting time. The most valuable oil is the one that contains a maximum amount of oleic acid—usually it will also have a maximum amount of vitamins A and E with stimulating, healing and rejuvenating effect on the skin. Besides fats, olive oil contains polyphenols, their derivatives with antioxidant properties, squalene, terpenes and beta-sitosterol, lowering the level of cholesterol in the blood. It is squalene that helps clean the blood vessels. Vitamins B, C, F and K along with other beneficial ingredients produce a softening, healing and stimulating effect, not only quickly healing the wounds, but also slowing down the skin’s ageing.

Olive oil is considered one of the best basic ones to create essential oils compositions — it is hypoallergenic and neutral enough to preserve the qualities of other plant oils and extracts, and the olive oil-based compositions can be used for a variety of purposes.

Anyone with an interest in cosmetology would be interested to know about the numerous and diverse beneficial qualities of olive oil. Thanks to the high content of oleic acid, olive oil can impact the fat metabolism in the deep layers of the skin, which makes it a valuable ingredient of anti-cellulite solutions. With regular use olive oil smoothes out the skin, reduces cellulite and even makes the stretch marks less visible. Vitamins and antioxidants help the skin recover from ultraviolet damage, so olive oil is good for sunburns and restoring the skin after suntanning. Oleocanthal decreases the intensity of pain and inflammation, so olive-oil based solutions can be used to restore the skin after damage or injury, including aesthetic surgery, dermabrasion and laser resurfacing. Olive oil is also good for the hair, especially if a patient is suffering from seborrhea sicca or hair loss—applying the oil onto the scalp and hair prevents the appearance of scurf, strengthens the follicles and makes the hair shiny and elastic.

For many years olive oil has been used to care for dry skin.

It was believed that the application of pure oil onto dry skin would soften and nourish the skin, make it thicker and more resilient, restore its protective properties. However latest research has demonstrated that olive oil should not be used constantly—its fatty acids “melt” the lipid stratum of the skin’s upper layers, breaking through into the deeper layers like an ice-breaker. The skin’s own ability to retain water weakens and it dries up and becomes thin, quite the contrary of what you’d expect. Therefore, olive oil, like all vegetable oils actually, works best in the composition of cosmetic solutions. If the oil is applied in its pure form, its use needs to be limited to one-two weeks at a time with breaks in between to let the skin restore its protective system.

Olive oil is also a source of squalene — nonsaponifying fat found in olive stones.

Squalene oxidises easily, and for this reason is rarely used in cosmetic formulations, but its “cousin”, squalane, derived by hydrogenation of squalene, is not subject to auto-oxidation and therefore more stable.

Squalane obtained from olive oil is practically identical to human skin squalane, and this makes it suitable for application to nourish and soften all skin types at all ages. Squalane is one of the best emollients and softening agents, able to improve the skin’s barrier and protective properties, smooth out the skin surface and support its microbiome diversity. The contents of squalane in the upper layers of young healthy skin is close to 12%. With age the amount of squalane in the skin decreases, and the application of identical plant-origin squalane can improve the skin’s health as well as soften it. Studies confirm that squalane is able to penetrate into the skin relatively deep, soaking the lamellar structures of the keratinous layer. Squalane has high fluidity, which makes for very comfortable application of cosmetics — a product with squalane spreads effortlessly on the skin surface improving its look and feel.

Research demonstrated that the use of cosmetic products with squalane improves cell regeneration and oxygenation, helps prevent pigmentation, reduces UV damage and the depth of wrinkles, and can even bring relief to patients suffering from eczema, psoriasis or skin injury. Squalane is beneficial for acne, it is a natural prebiotic — an agent suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria and supporting microbiome diversity.

Squalane is very stable and not subject to oxidisation, which is very important for a cosmetic product’s shelf life, which is usually several years since manufacture.

One more huge benefit of plant-based squalane is that thanks to its biochemical synthesis from olive oil, cosmetic companies stopped using squalane derived from shark liver. Today, we’re happy to say, the production of squalane from sharks’ organs has stopped entirely, which helps preserve shark population in the world ocean.

Apart from face care, olive squalane is used in medical skincare for dermatoses patients, hand and feet creams, hair conditioners and masks, and as an enhancer to increase the penetration of other active ingredients into the deeper skin layers.

Cosmetic use

Squalene's chemical similarity to human skin sebum has made it a popular component in natural cosmetic formulas designed to soften and protect the skin. The antioxidant properties of squalene have also been touted as being very beneficial for many skin conditions. In a study published in the International Journal of Cancer in July 2006, squalene was found to protect the skin of mice from developing tumors when exposed to carcinogenic substances.

Cancer

Sharks are known for their apparent immunity to cancer, a property which may be due to the high amounts of sqaulene that they produce. A study published in the journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers, and Prevention in December 1997 found that squalene in olive oil may be responsible for disrupting the DNA synthesis sequence that causes cancer cells to grow. The authors speculate that the squalene in olive oil may be part of the low cancer incidence rate in the Mediterranean diet.

Image result for squalene oil free imagesfree images

Antioxidant

Extra virgin olive oils have significantly higher levels of squalene and are considered to have more of the antioxidant effects that are so beneficial to heart health. In a study published in the journal Pharmacological Research in September 2004, researchers found that adding squalene to the diet of rats had a protective effect on heart function when they were purposely given isoproterenol, a compound known to cause heart complications.

Controversy

Squalene has also been recently used as adjunctive ingredient in vaccines, which has garnered much criticism and controversy. An article published on July 7, 2009 by Dr. Russell Blaylock on the website Newsmax claims that squalene was used in gulf war vaccines and may be responsible in part for gulf war syndrome. The article further claims that when squalene was injected into guinea pigs, they died.

Considerations 

Since squalene is a natural product that can be found in high amounts in quality olive oils and shark liver, it can be supplemented in the diet without resorting to an isolated squalene product. If isolated squalene does indeed have potentially toxic effects, it is possible that the other compounds in olive oil and shark liver oil mediate these effects and render them beneficial rather than harmful.

Reference: leaf.tv. By Ocean Malandra

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